WASHINGTON — The US Department of Agriculture in its July 12 Crop Production report forecast US 2023 winter wheat production at 1,206 million bus, up 6% from the June forecast of 1,136 million bus and up 103 million bus, or 9%, from 1,104 million bus in 2022. 

The USDA forecast production of spring wheat other than durum at 479 million bus, down 3.6 million bus, or 0.7%, from 482.2 million bus in 2022. Durum production in 2023 was forecast at 54 million bus, down 9.9 million bus, or 16%, from 64 million bus in 2022. It was the USDA’s first other spring wheat and durum estimates of the season.  

US all wheat production was forecast at 1,739 million bus, up 89.2 million bus, or 5%, from 1,650 million bus in 2022. 

The US all wheat number slightly topped the range of analysts’ pre-report trade expectations of 1,637 million to 1,730 million bus. The other spring wheat number was close to the average trade expectation of 477 million bus, and the winter wheat production forecast was above analysts’ pre-report expectations that ranged from 1,100 million to 1,187 million bus. 

The USDA forecast winter wheat yield at 46.9 bus per acre based on conditions as of July 1, up 2 bus from 44.9 bus in June but down 0.1 bu from 47 bus in 2022. Harvested area was forecast at 25.7 million acres, unchanged from the June Acreage report but up 9.6% from 23.5 million acres a year ago. 

Production of hard red winter wheat was forecast at 577 million bus, up 10% from 525 million bus forecast in June and up 9% from 531 million bus in 2022. Soft red winter wheat production was forecast at 422 million bus, up 5% from 402 million bus in June and up 25% from 337 million bus last year. Soft white winter wheat production was forecast at 196 million bus, down 1.7% from 199 million bus in June and down 13% from 226 million bus last year. Hard white winter was forecast at 11 million bus, up 11% from June and up 7% from 11 million bus harvested in 2022. 

“The big news in wheat was the hard red winter number — shock-and-awe for USDA to increase it that much,” said Bill Lapp, founder and president of Advanced Economic Solutions, Omaha, Neb. “The average trade guess was 532 million bus, so the number was way above what anybody anticipated. We had a broad-based increase in yields, including Kansas, Oklahoma and Texas. Big increases in Colorado and Nebraska with the rainfall. Montana yield up 5 bus an acre, although that’s not yet certain, and then a little bit of an offset in South Dakota.”

Despite the increases in winter wheat production, “it’s still a tight situation,” Mr. Lapp said. “Ending stocks are forecast by the USDA to decline at the end of 2023-24. That seems reasonable. We can’t afford to have any export demand coming at us. Even though we’ve gone 500 days of war in the Black Sea without any effect on our US exports here, the threat still looms. It’s probably gone from a 1-in-2 chance last May to a 1- in-20 chance today, but it still looms in the market, and if we have something adverse happen there and it raises world prices, tightens world stocks and ultimately leads to more exports of US wheat, that would be a bullish signal to the market.” 

The USDA forecast spring wheat other than durum yield at 45.2 bus per acre, down 1 bu from 46.2 bus in 2022. Harvested area was forecast at 10.6 million acres, unchanged from the June Acreage report but down 1% from 2022.

Production of hard red spring wheat was forecast at 441 million bus, down 1.2% from 446 million bus a year earlier. Durum yield was forecast at 37.9 bus per acre, down 2.6 bus from 40.5 bus in 2022. Harvested area was forecast at 1.4 million acres, unchanged from the June Acreage report but down 9.7% from 1.6 million acres in 2022.